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for many years iran has defined itself
in part by its opposition to my country
and there is in fact a tumultuous
history between us
states like these
and their terrorist allies
constitute an axis of evil
arming to threaten the peace of the
world
relations between iran and the united
states have been mostly adversarial
since the 1979 islamic revolution here
was not an embassy
it was a cia center
this was a den of espionage
where they were plotting
against the iranian people but the seeds
of animosity between the two countries
were planted decades before
in 1952 time magazine chose iran’s prime
minister mohammed mosaddegh as the 1951
man of the year for his efforts to
nationalize his country’s oil wealth
despite mounting economic pressure from
britain musadek was iran’s 35th prime
minister but his government succeeded in
doing what no other iranian leader was
able to do before he went against
british interests in his country and
deprived the navy from securing oil
supplies to understand how important
this chapter is in iran’s history and
how it shaped its future and its
relations with the us we have to go back
to the start of the century when iran
was still known as persia like many
states in the region iranian oil wealth
was monitored by foreign countries since
its discovery in 1901 the british
government encouraged entrepreneur
william knox darcy to invest in persia’s
oil sector
the british brokered a deal between
darcy and the then shah of iran muzaffar
al-din dasi was granted a 60-year
concession to prospect transport and
sell petroleum natural gas asphalt and
minerals in three quarters of the
country under the deal the shah was
given a lump sum of twenty thousand
pounds in cash and a further twenty
thousand pounds in shares with iran set
to receive only sixteen percent of the
profits
the darcy agreement is known
historically as the deal that
compromised iran’s ability to benefit
from its own oil wealth for decades in
1908 a significant oil reserve was
founded masjid suleiman in southwestern
iran it was the world’s largest oil
discovery at the time and it set off a
wave of exploration that would change
the region’s future after the discovery
the british government bought out the
dicey concession and the anglo-persian
oil company that later became the
british petroleum company or bp in 1954.
in the coming era navies and national
economies would be powered by oil
replacing coal iranian oil helped the
british navy substantially during world
war one winston churchill who secured
the purchase of the shares from the
darcy concession affirmed the importance
of iranian oil
fortune brought a surprise from
fairyland beyond our wildest dreams for
the next 50 years iran’s vast oil
reserves came under british control that
is until musadak came into power
after world war ii shah mohammed reza
pallavi’s rule was weakened by the rise
of nationalist voices in the iranian
parliament in march 1951 iranian prime
minister hajj ali rasmara was
assassinated by an ardent supporter of
oil nationalization shortly after the
assassination nationalists in the
iranian modulus or parliament nominated
musaddiq as their new prime minister
fearing the strength of the nationalist
movement the shah was forced to approve
masadek’s nomination and in may 1951 the
iranian parliament voted to nationalize
the oil industry addressing his victory
musadek said in a famous speech
our long years of negotiations with
foreign countries have yielded no
results thus far with the oil revenues
we could meet our entire budget and
combat poverty disease and backwardness
among our people
the nationalization of iranian oil was a
blow to britain’s economic interests and
to the survival of the british empire
views of the great refinery at abadan
are sufficient evidence in themselves of
its size and importance
this great undertaking built up over
many years by british skill and with
british money has now been evacuated in
humiliating circumstances britain took
the matter to the international court of
justice and placed an embargo in iran’s
oil industry making it impossible for
iran to sell its newly nationalized oil
on the world market the british hoped
that economic pressure would threaten
the popularity of musadak and force him
out of power but musadek was adamant
abroad that strange politician dr
musadek continued on his strange way
refusing every offer for settlement of
the oil dispute desperate to regain
control of iran’s oil industry the
british government approached the united
states to assist in orchestrating a coup
against masada harry truman’s
administration rejected the idea of a
coup in 1952 but when dwight eisenhower
came to power in 1953 the british were
able to persuade him by warning him of
musadek’s communist alliances
demonstrations and riots in the streets
of tehran have followed the usual
pattern in that troubled country
with shouts of done with the shah
fanatical leaders have been rallying the
people in favor of dr masadek the
initial plan of toppling musa had failed
but the british and americans eventually
succeeded when they relied on royalists
the supporters of the exiled shah the
country was divided between the shah
supporters and muslim supporters this is
how proshar demonstrators took over the
streets of tehran mobs said probe must
subject newspapers on fire general
zahidi surrounded masadek’s residents
with tanks and protesters clashed with
his guards musaddik and his cabinet
eventually surrendered and general
fazola sahidi became iran’s new prime
minister the u.s then restored the
pro-western regime of shah mohammed reza
pallavi to power this was the first
foreign intervention orchestrated by the
newly formed cia the agency with the
help of british mi6 overthrew the first
democratically elected government in the
country it was the beginning of the
sequence of events that shaped iran’s
relations with the u.s today in the
military court at tehran where he’s been
on trial for treason the persian
ex-premier dr masadek demonstrates that
he knows how to make an entrant musadek
was imprisoned for three years then put
under house arrest until his death his
family were forced to bury him at his
residence the overthrow of musaddiq
transformed iran from a constitutional
monarchy into a royal dictatorship
marking the beginning of public
hostility towards the u.s
in 2000 secretary of state madeleine
albright acknowledged for the first time
the us’s role in the 1953 coup but the
coup was clearly a setback for iran’s
political development and it is easy to
see now why many iranians continue to
resent this intervention by america in
their internal affairs
after the queue of 1953 the oil was back
under the control of the british and the
us gave increasing support to the shah
of iran in 2013 iran’s parliament
approved a bill for the government to
sue the us for its involvement in the
coup the bill followed the release of
declassified documents offering details
about how the cia carried out the coup
as an act of u.s foreign policy
campaign to install a pro-western
government in iran target prime minister
masadek and his government
objectives through legal or quasi-legal
methods to affect the fall of the masada
government and to replace it with a
pro-western government under the shah’s
leadership with zahedi as its prime
minister
in 1957 the us government helped the
shah establish its infamous secret
police force known as savak savak was
tasked with monitoring the shah’s
political opponents and even iranians
abroad the agency tortured many iranians
and its agents received training for
interrogation tactics from the cia but
the alliance between the shah and the
u.s turned a deaf ear to the growing
anger in iranian streets against the
oppression of the shah and u.s
interference
in late december 1977 during a lavish
new year’s eve celebration
u.s president jimmy carter praised the
shah for making his country an island of
stability
iran
because of the great leadership
of the shah
is
an island of stability
in one of the more troubled areas of the
world
little more than a year later animosity
towards the shah and u.s policies
culminated in the shah’s ousting
religious leader ayatollah khomeini who
played an integral part in the shah
overthrow returned to the country after
15 years in exile his return marked the
beginning of more than four decades of
animosity between iran and the us
since 1984 the us has designated iran as
a sponsor of terrorism and although
there were periods of negotiations and
decreased tensions changes in
administration and iran’s proxy wars
throughout the region have put the two
countries at odds once again
tensions between tehran and washington
have been rising since the trump
administration withdrew from the iran
nuclear deal in 2018.
for far too long
all the way back
to 1979 to be exact
nations have tolerated iran’s
destructive and destabilizing behavior
in the middle east and beyond
those days are over the u.s has taken
several steps to put maximum pressure on
the iranian regime
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the campaign aimed to curb iran’s
nuclear program and regional reach by
draining its economy iran responded to
the maximum pressure campaign with a
maximum resistance campaign in
retaliation iran showed off its ability
to harm u.s interests in the region
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in january 2020 the u.s assassinated
qasim suleimani iran’s most revered
military commander suleimani was the
head of iran’s revolutionary gods kudz
force his controversial role in the war
in syria enhanced iran’s military
presence in the region president hassan
rouhani drew parallels between
suleimani’s assassination and the u.s
engineered coup of 1953.
this crime that the u.s committed is
similar to the queer attempt and similar
to the downing of airbus passenger
flight in the persian gulf this crime
will never be forgotten trump said that
by killing suleimani the u.s had saved
many lives but to many of these mourners
suleimani just like musadek was another
national hero that the u.s removed from
power against the will of the iranian
people
[Applause]
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