Both pro-American and anti-American
Want to have nuclear but fit
Sometimes weak, sometimes strong
What kind of country is Iran?
After being cornered by Israel
Iran has raised the flag of revenge again
But also for Israel
Launched a wave of painless blows
The harvest is compared to one’s own losses
Almost insignificant
It used to be said that the Persians had built a great civilization
Or an anti-hegemony fighter in the Middle East
But now it always gives people a kind of hatred that iron can’t make steel
The feeling that the mud can’t support the wall
Nuclear weapons can’t be done
The economy is a mess, domestic politics is rotten, diplomacy is failing.
There was no sign of great power.
How did Iran get to where it is today?
In fact, I want to see the essence of the Iran problem clearly
We need to understand that since modern times
The two regimes with the greatest influence on Iran
One was the Pahlavi dynasty.
The other is the current clergy group
The ruling Islamic Republic
Two regimes have controlled Iran for over 100 years
It also profoundly changed the country
The current Supreme Leader of Iran
86-Year-old Khamenei
Succession since 1989
He has been in this position for 36 years
Some people say he is Yuan Shao of the Middle East
Serious and timid
scheming
Some people say that he is Cixi in the late Qing Dynasty
The majority ethnic group is ruled by the minority Azerbaijanis
The Persians are doing an Iranian version of sweat protection, which is better than sun protection.
It is a typical small family forest country
Is the evaluation of Hanmei underwear accurate?
I don’t know.
But compare Azerbaijan to the Qing Dynasty
I think it’s a bit flattering
Azerbaijanis are much more accomplished than Manchus.
In Iranian history
The Azerbaijanis have established four successive dynasties
The most famous of these, the Safavid dynasty, lasted 235 years
Known as the Third Persian Reich
The territory covers the entire territory of present-day Iran
Including Afghanistan and Iraq
Most regions such as Turkey
It also established Shia Islam as the main religion
Although Azerbaijanis are a minority
That’s 30 percent of the population.
But Iran’s modern history is full of talent
Its achievements are no worse than those of the Persians, who make up 60% of the total population
And the Azerbaijanis
Never played the role of spoiler
They are the inheritors and creators of Persian culture
I also love my country very much
Actually.
In the nearly 1,500 years since the fall of the Sassanid dynasty
Persian
A unified regime was never established again
The recent founding monarch of the Paliwi dynasty, Lee Sahan
Nor a pure Persian
His mother is Georgian
They’re biracial.
The Pahlavi dynasty
It only lasted 54 years
The current Iranian regime is dominated by clergy
Many of them are Azerbaijanis
For example, President Khamenei Pejic
Former President Ahmadinejad and others
But that doesn’t mean
Azerbaijanis are superior in Iran
They are like the Persians
Victims of repressive policies
And they were also vaguely discriminated against by the Persians
So
The problem in Iran today is not a national conflict
It’s a deeper contradiction.
The crux of the matter is
Azerbaijani cleric
The reason why it was able to control the Iranian regime
root cause
still
Caused by a series of extreme policies of the Pahlavi dynasty
The Persians did it themselves.
1925
Lee, then commander of the Kega Cossack Brigade
Sahan, with the support of the British
Depose the old master
Creation of the Palivi Dynasty
It was during World War I
British Tsarist Russia
The Ottomans and others fought endlessly in the Persian region
It wreaked havoc on the entire country.
Lisa Khan took over
It is a poor and weak Yi with internal and external problems
Lang wants to change all this
The first thing the new regime had to deal with was the decline of national power
A series of serious problems, such as border province uprising and colonial infiltration
At that time
The external international environment has also undergone drastic changes
Industrialization and modernization originated in European and American countries
The trend is spreading to the third world
So Lee Sahan chose
Take advantage of Western industrialization and modernization
To reform Iran
In order to enrich the country and strengthen the army and consolidate the royal rule
At the same time
Lee Sahan also hopes
Restoring the culture and glory of the ancient Persian Empire
Learning from Turkey’s experience
Secularization, Totalitarianism and Westernization in Iran
He was a strong advocate of Greater Persianism
Using ethnic fairy tales to transform domestic minorities
Make Persian the only official language
Prohibit ethnic minorities from using their own spoken and written languages
It is forbidden to wear national costumes
Schools must use government-written Farsi
Teaching materials
exist
Under the impact of this unprecedented Persianization movement
The most influential people are undoubtedly the Azerbaijanis
Kaia Dynasty
Azerbaijani
It was the royal language used by the court and the army
Now it has been abolished directly
And not only that.
Lee Sahan also brought the Azerbaijanis
Seen as the greatest destabilizing factor
In politics
Exclude Azerbaijanis from using the name Turkic donkeys
Neglect their social image
Economically
Azerbaijani areas are marginalized
These policies
Seriously hurt the feelings of Azerbaijanis
With the decline of social status
Azerbaijani group
We were plunged into unprecedented poverty.
Ultimately, it led to the national awakening of the Azerbaijanis
Their conflict with the Persians
Accumulate from this time
In addition to that
Issa Khan also regards Islam as a foreign culture
He passed the repeal of Islamic legislation
Limiting Islamic traditions
Reduction of Inquisition Trials
Authority and other measures to weaken Islam’s influence
Denial of religion
Deprived of Islam is a traditional society in Iran
Privileges and important positions enjoyed
After Islam became the main religion of the Persians
A special group was born on the Iranian plateau
They are knowledgeable
A priest who can read scripture and teach
They include the Ahum Mullahs, the Grand Ayatollahs and so on.
According to regulations
A low-ranking cleric must follow a high-ranking cleric
Ask them for scripture teachings, questions, etc
In return
First-class believers should pay tribute to the high priest
In this mode
Not only did the clergy have vast wealth
It also has a significant social impact
This is in Li Sahan’s opinion
It is undoubtedly a direct challenge to its ruling authority
Therefore
Only then did there be suppression and restrictions on religious forces
This move aroused the extreme dissatisfaction of the priests
They started sedition.
But it was strongly suppressed by Li Sahan
This period
The rule of the Pahlavi dynasty was generally stable
At least the Persians and the underclass
Very supportive of their king
However, the Persianization movement promoted by Lee Sahan
Hurt minorities such as Azerbaijanis
De-Islamization offends the clergy again
They were intimidated by the might of the dynasty
Dare not dare to resist on a large scale
But the seeds of hatred have long been planted
It grows in the shadows.
Waiting for the moment to finally explode
The Pahlavi dynasty was aided by the British
To be established
But after Lee Sahan took power
Soon broke with the British
And the trigger that turned the two sides against each other was oil
Long before World War I
The British colonists had already invaded Iran
And from the hands of the Kaega dynasty
Obtained oil extraction rights
Since then, it has almost monopolized oil production in the Persian Gulf
Huge profits as a result
But less than 1/10 was handed over to the Iranian government.
This is significant for any country
Are unacceptable
Since 1932, the Lee Sahan government has been struggling with oil concession issues
Repeated conflicts with the UK
The relationship between the two sides deteriorated rapidly
In order to gain international support
Lee Sahan chooses to move closer to Germany
World War II broke out in 1939
The Lee Sahan government still adheres to the pro-German policy
Even after the outbreak of the Soviet-German war
Nor did it cut with Germany
This behavior again aroused the dissatisfaction of the Soviet Union
1941
Britain and the Soviet Union used the pretext of eliminating fascist forces
Invasion of Iran
Drive out the pro-German Li Sahan from power
Support his son Muhammad Risa Pahlavi to the throne
The territory of Iran was divided by Britain and the Soviet Union from north to south
Occupation the following year
The United States also joined the ranks of the occupying forces
After the Tehran Conference
British and American troops withdraw from Iran
However, oil resources are still divided between the two countries
The Soviets in the north refused to leave
Also secretly supports Azerbaijani separatist forces
This move led to some Azerbaijanis
Independence from Iran
It eventually became the Republic of Azerbaijan.
This is 1951.
Strongman Mossadegh becomes Prime Minister of the Pahlavi government
He advocates for the recovery of Iran’s oil sovereignty
and
Forced nationalization of British-controlled oil companies
The British had to close the refinery
Technicians were removed.
But they didn’t stop there.
The British government has imposed a blockade on Iran
Strengthening military power in the Persian Gulf region
It also attracted many countries to boycott Iranian oil exports
These measures
Destruction of Iran’s oil industry
Due to a lack of technical personnel
Lead to a decrease in oil production
On the other hand, oil exports are restricted
The nationalization of oil in Iran has not only failed to increase revenue
It made the economy worse.
Prime Minister Mossadegh also received a vested interest
Opposition from interest groups
He was eventually sacked by a British-American conspiracy
Supported the new British and American officers to rise to power
After that, the new government quickly compromised with the UK and the US
Iranian oil exports resume
But the largest share is controlled by the United States and the United States
With the influx of US capital
Iran’s oil lifeline is gradually being controlled by the United States
The relationship between the United States and Iran began during this period
Become closer
From the above, it is not difficult to see that
Iranian society from the end of the Kega dynasty
By mid-Pahlavi
All change involves external actors.
The root cause is that Iran is rich in oil
But there is no corresponding force to protect
These resources
Unable to resist the encroachment of hegemony
Lack of corresponding development capabilities
And that led to dependence on external forces.
And Lee Sahan’s ethnic and religious policies
Make it again
They were unable to mobilize the power of the people at the bottom as much as possible.
The Pahlavi dynasty is equivalent to a puppet regime
The entire country of Iran
It’s in a kind of tearing state.
Part of the Azerbaijani ethnic group was divided and occupied by the Soviet Union
The other part is still oppressed by ethnic policies
The teacher community is alienated from the government
Oil resources are under foreign control
Nobles and armies are corrupted
The opposition is gradually rising
How can such a country talk about independence and self-improvement?
When we are today
When discussing Iran’s pro-American issue
Always think
A handful of soft bones inside this country
Compromise to hegemony
In fact, Iran is a force for compromise from top to bottom
Many Chinese have a favorable opinion of Iran
Mainly because of the word Persian
Persia is in our classical film and television cultural works
The most frequent countries
People subconsciously think that Persia is like China
All ancient civilizations
It should also be like the Chinese nation
A sense of self-reliance.
But the reality is cruel
Since Arab Muslims
After conquering this Zoroastrian people
Persia is no longer the same Persia
They have lost their ethnic identity
It also lacks the blood and courage to fight
It is doomed to be unable to restore its former glory
Can only be an appendage of religion
And this
It became a reality after the Islamic Revolution.
In the 1960s.
Nationalist movements are surging in the Middle East
The influence of various revolutions and coups has spread to Iran
Domestic opposition is just around the corner
These realities
The king of Pahlavi was deeply disturbed
Forcing it to consider partial reform
To ease domestic tensions
In 1963, Iran launched a campaign to improve its economy
The white revolution that strengthened the rule
Its core remains the promotion of secularization and modernization
Including land reform
19 reform plans, including the privatization of state-owned enterprises and women’s equal rights
Trying to break down the old social system
Shaping Iran as a modern capital power
Foreign policy begins to be implemented
The government buys back land from teachers at market prices
At a price 30% lower than the market price
Sold to tenant farmers in installments
Farmers got the land
Teachers are deprived of the basis for exploitation.
At the same time
The Pahlavi government sold shares in state-owned enterprises
Privatized state-owned enterprise
Received funding
This allowed the land reform program to continue
Landowners who have lost their land can buy shares in their businesses
Access to new sources of income
It also indirectly helped the country achieve industrialization
With the promotion of reform
The whole of Iran has undergone tremendous changes
Rising oil exports and industrialization reforms
The Iranian economy has seen significant growth
The influx of European and American culture
It also changed the way of life of Iranians
Bars, casinos, theaters and more
Places appear on the streets of various cities in Iran
Young women in Tehran remove their veils
Wear fashionable clothes
The whole society is filled with the vitality of modernization
From an economic and cultural perspective
The White Revolution was undoubtedly a success
But under the hustle and bustle of feasting
What it hides is the growing gap between the rich and the poor
As an absolute monarchy
The situation in Iran is even more serious
Kings and the powerful hold 80% of the wealth
The remaining 20% will be allocated to the bottom people
But even at the bottom
There is also class exploitation.
The dividends of reform did not reach the bottom
Naturally aroused the dissatisfaction of ordinary people
Social conflicts are gradually intensifying
In this case
Pahlavi still maintains repressive rule
Not only continue to promote Persianization
And the de-Islamization movement
It also violently suppressed domestic opposition
This move does strengthen the opposition
One of the most representative
That is.
Religious conservative forces with Khomeini as their main leader
Khomeini was born into a family of teachers
Read the scriptures from an early age
When he grew up, he followed his parents to receive religious education
And went to seminary.
Have a deep understanding of Islamic teachings
He served as a lecturer at the seminary for decades
The disciples are everywhere
In 1963, he was elected Grand Ayatollah
The most senior Shia cleric in Islam
Khomeini often goes deep into the people to observe public sentiment
preach a sermon
It has broad influence among the people at the bottom
During the Pahlavi’s White Revolution
Khomeini is against military dictatorship
Representative of religious conservatives opposed to Westernization
He was also arrested and exiled
But
His ideas and speeches are still passed through underground newspapers and tapes
Flows into Iran
Khomeini was a strong advocate of equality for all
Eliminate the gap between the rich and the poor
Believers are very convinced of him
In 1977, as an Azerbaijani
A protest group dominated by intellectuals and young students
Take the lead in launching demonstrations
Call on the Pahlavi government to restore the constitutional monarchy
Since then, under the guidance of religious forces
The scale of protests continues to grow
Constant clashes between the government and opposition groups
Public anger continues to build
Priests of great prestige
Take the opportunity to lead believers and the general public at the bottom
Launch an Islamic Revolution
Khomeini was in Paris.
Directing domestic resistance movements
In 1979, the Pahlavi regime was overthrown
February of that year
Khomeini returns to Iran
In the face of thousands of believers who greeted them
Khomeini promises priests to stay out of politics
To establish a democratically elected government that represents the Iranian people
Advocate for freedom and equality
People cheered
Iran has finally found the right direction of development
However, just one month later
Khomeini has completely changed his face
He quickly appointed a new government
And demanded allegiance to the new government
Then the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps was formed
Suppression of constitutional liberals and opponents
March of that year
Khomeini publicly declared not to mention democracy to me
That’s Western stuff
We don’t want the West.
No Orient
Only Islam
All subsequent fields related to Western culture
All banned
Islamic law becomes the code of conduct for people
On March 31, Iran held a referendum
98% of the country supports a republican government
In December, the Islamic Revolutionary Council adopted a new constitution
Established as a religious leader
Parallel with a Secular Republic
Interlocking political systems
It was a theocratic regime.
Iran has officially entered the Khomeini era
He holds the supreme power of religious interpretation
It is also strongly opposed to all secularization
The concept of modernization
He believes that American and Western culture has corrupted Iran
Therefore, the United States is listed as Iran’s number one enemy
Due to Israel’s relationship with the former Pahlavi regime
Also became the object of Khomeini’s hatred
Khomeini launched a massive purge at home
Opposition was eliminated
State property is controlled by clergy
Most industries in society are monopolized by religious forces
So far
Iran has entered another form of monarchy
Even more feudal and authoritarian than the previous Eight Levi dynasties
The United States has also imposed comprehensive sanctions on Iran
In 1989, Khomeini died
His disciple Khamenei succeeded him
Khamenei also comes from a religious family
And still Azerbaijani
Compared to the Persians
The religious atmosphere of the Azerbaijani ethnic group is even stronger
Plus
The Persians pursued de-Islamization for decades
Make most of the high priests with greater influence
All Azerbaijanis
There are rumors that Khomeini is also Azerbaijani
But it has not been confirmed
Khamenei is Khomeini’s favorite protégé
Always follow Khomeini
Help it seize power
Establishment of the Islamic Republic
He became president of Iran in 1981
After he became the Supreme Leader
Following a series of policies from the Khomeini period
But
Khamenei’s internal affairs under the current world order
Diplomacy has its own opinions
He believes that the current
The international economic order dominated by the United States
And political system
Not fair
A hegemonic country led by the United States
Zionist capitalist
They co-designed the institutions that oppressed the weak.
Its purpose is to usurp the world’s economic resources
And Iran is one of the victims
Therefore, Iran refuses to integrate into the Western system
And trying to build a resistant economy
But
Kamenei clearly underestimated the influence of the United States and the West
And its dominance in international trade
In fact, although he was well versed in Islamic teachings
But religion also constrained his thinking
As an idealistic revolutionary leader
He wants to make Iran
A powerful country that conforms to Islamic teachings
But it does not have an international perspective in itself
It is impossible for Iran to participate in the global trading system
Find the right location
As Iran’s domestic economic situation continues to deteriorate
Kamenei tries to break the ice with nuclear weapons
However, Islam rejects the attributes of modernization
Make it technologically impossible
Achieve fast and effective breakthroughs
That’s why.
Iran was never able to actually build a nuclear bomb
One of the reasons
When all means are available
Can’t get Iran out of trouble
Khamenei begins to change his mind
He tried to integrate into a diverse international system
And that means Iran must compromise with the United States
If you give up anti-American
The legitimacy of the Islamic regime will be at risk
Because he was founded on the premise of being anti-American and anti-Western
On the basis of anti-aggression
Continue to pursue an anti-American policy
They will face even more severe international sanctions and isolation
Iran’s economy is dominated by oil exports
Compared to other countries
Greater reliance on the international trading system
So Iran is caught in a dilemma.
And over the years, we’ve seen Iran sometimes turn against America.
Sometimes pro-American
Always think
There are two dissident groups in Iran
For example
The current president, Peggy, is the representative of the pro-American faction
But we have to understand this.
President of Iran
Candidates appointed by the Supreme Leader
After democratic voting
President
In fact, it still represents the will of the Supreme Leader
So both pro-American and anti-American are Khamenei
They are two sides of the same coin as the Supreme Leader
And there’s a deeper point here.
What Khamenei really wants
While integrating into the international system
Continue to be anti-American and anti-Western
This will maintain the rule of the Islamic regime
It can also improve the economic situation of Iran
It is worth noting that
Khamenei
And the dream of a great leader of the Islamic world
He hopes
Iran becomes a leader among the world’s Islamic nations
Therefore, he must carry the banner of anti-American and anti-Israeli
Make yourself
Leaders in the New International Order
But with Iran’s strength and intelligence
I’m afraid it’s hard to do that
And the theocratic system in Iran
In fact, it is long behind the times
It has too many limitations.
Even in the near future
Total recession in the United States
Losing influence over the international order
Iran
It is also difficult to be a leader in a multipolar system
After all
Islamic powers like Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt
I have already found my position
Iran has fallen far behind
The future may still have a long way to go
Abbreviation of 36 provinces Abbreviation of Heilongjiang Province
Harbin, the capital of Hei Province, and Jilin Province for short
Abbreviation of Changchun Liaoning Province, the capital of Kyrgyzstan Province
Shenyang, capital of Liaoning Province, abbreviation of Hebei Province
Shijiazhuang, the capital of Hebei Province, and Gansu Province for short
Lanzhou, capital of Gansu Province, abbreviation of Qinghai Province
Xining, capital of Qinghai Province, abbreviation of Shaanxi Province
Xi’an, capital of Shaanxi Province, abbreviation of Henan Province
Henan Provincial Capital Zhengzhou Shandong Province Abbreviation
Shandong Provincial Capital Jinan Shanxi Province Abbreviation
Shanxi Provincial Capital Taiyuan Anhui Province Abbreviation
Anhui Provincial Capital Hefei Hubei Province Abbreviation
Hubei Provincial Capital Wuhan Hunan Province Abbreviation
Changsha, capital of Hunan Province, abbreviation of Jiangsu Province
The capital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, and the abbreviation of Sichuan Province
Chengdu, capital of Sichuan Province, abbreviation of Guizhou Province
Guizhou Provincial Capital Guiyang Yunnan Province Abbreviation
Kunming, capital of Yunnan Province, abbreviation of Zhejiang Province
Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang Province, abbreviation of Jiangxi Province
The capital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, and the abbreviation of Guangdong Province
Guangzhou, capital of Guangdong Province, abbreviation of Fujian Province
Fuzhou, capital of Fujian Province, abbreviation of Taiwan Province
Taipei, capital of Taiwan Province, Jane of Hainan Province
Haikou, the capital of Qiong Province
Xinjiang is referred to as New
Provincial capital Urumqi
Inner Mongolia referred to as Mongolia
Hohhot, the provincial capital
Ningxia referred to as Ning
capital Yinchuan
Guangxi Province is referred to as Gui
Provincial capital Nanning
Xizang for short
Provincial capital Lhasa
Beijing referred to as Beijing
Provincial capital Beijing
Shanghai referred to as Shanghai
Provincial capital Shanghai
Tianjin referred to as Jin
Provincial capital Tianjin
Chongqing referred to as Yu
Provincial capital Chongqing
Hong Kong referred to as Hong Kong
Provincial capital Hong Kong
Macao referred to as Macao
Provincial capital Macau
Where are you all from?
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